Yadda Ingantattun Tsarin Kula da Na’urori Ke Sake Fayyaɗa Amfani da Wuta a Masana’antu
Sashen masana’antu na ɗaukar kusan rabin uku na amfani da makamashi a duniya, lamarin da ke tursasa masu sarrafa masana’antu su duba kowane irin matakin inganta amfani da wuta. Programmable automation controllers sun fito a matsayin muhimman kayan aiki a wannan yunƙuri, suna wucewa matakin kula da na’ura kaɗai zuwa zama dandamalin inganta amfani da makamashi masu ƙwarewa. Yanzu waɗannan tsarin suna tsara muhallin samarwa masu rikitarwa, suna yin dubban ƙananan daidaitawa a kowace rana waɗanda gaba ɗaya ke sauya yadda wuraren masana’antu ke amfani da wuta.
Muƙaman Asali da ke Bayan Raguwar Amfani da Makamashi da Masu Kula ke Jagoranta
Ƙarfin aiyuka da dama na asali ne ke bai wa sabbin dandamalin sarrafa kansu damar samar da manyan ribace-ribacen inganci a cikin nau’o’in masana’antu masu bambamta.
Tsarawa na Jadawalin Samarwa Bisa Bukata
Masu kula na ci gaba suna nazarin tsarin kuɗin wutar lantarki da hasashen samarwa don mayar da ayyukan da ke cin makamashi sosai zuwa lokutan da ake da ƙarancin buƙata. Wani foundry a lardin Midwest ya shirya ayyukan narkar da ƙarfe nasa domin su rika gudana ne musamman a lokacin dare lokacin da farashin wutar lantarki ya ragu da 40%. Tsarin yana lissafa buƙatun narkar da ƙarfe ta atomatik bisa jadawalin zub da ‘yan kwangila na gobe, yana tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfen narkakke tare da rage cajin buƙatar kololuwar amfani. A shekara guda, adadin ajiyar kuɗin wutar lantarki ya wuce dala $215,000 ba tare da tasiri ga lokutan isar wa abokan ciniki ba.
Ɗora Na’urori a Jere (Sequential Equipment Staging)
Maimaikon ba wa dukkan na’urori wuta a lokaci guda yayin ƙaddamar da su, masu kula masu fasaha suna tsara yadda za a kunna na’urori bisa fifikon aiki da ƙarfin lantarki da ake da shi. Wani masanin sarrafa filastik ta extrusion ya aiwatar da tsarin ƙaddamar da na’urori a jere wanda ya rage buƙatar wutar farko (inrush demand) da kashi 38%, abin da ya bai wa masana’antar damar guje wa shirin sabunta tsarin wutar lantarki da aka kiyasta zai kai $180,000. Mai kula da tsarin yana kunna injinan extrusion ɗin ne ɗaya bayan ɗaya a tazarar daƙiƙa 30 yayin da yake sa ido kan jimillar nauyin wutan wurin don hana cike-ciken kewaye.
Inganta Tsarin Ayyukan Zafi (Thermal Process Optimization)
Ayyukan da ke cin zafi sosai na ba da manyan damar inganta amfani da makamashi. Masu kula da ke sanye da ingantattun PID algorithms suna riƙe yanayin zafi a matakin da ya fi daidaito, suna rage ɓata makamashi daga tsallaken zafi sama da ƙasa (overshoot da undershoot). Wani babban wajen yin burodi na kasuwanci ya rage cin iskar gas na tanda da kashi 22% bayan ya aiwatar da tsarin sarrafa zafi na kowace yanki (zone-specific) wanda ya kawar da dabi’ar dumama dukkan ƙasan tanda gaba ɗaya saboda gudu ɗaya na samfur. Tsarin ya kuma rika bin diddigin jadawalin samarwa don fara dumama tanda daidai lokacin da ake buƙata maimakon riƙe cikakken zafi tsawon dare.
Aiwatarwa na Gaskiya a Sassa Daban-daban na Masana’antu
Shigarwar da aka rubuta sun nuna yadda dabarun kula da na’urori masu hankali ke juya su zama auna sakamako a aiki da kuɗi.
Wurin Samar da Giya a Yammacin Tekun Pacific
Wata masana’antar giya da ke aiki sa’o’i 24 a kowace rana ta fuskanci hauhawar kuɗin wuta daga tsarin sanyaya da ke kiyaye yanayin zafin fermentation. Tsarin kula da ake da shi na baya yana tafiyar da compressors a ƙarfin dindindin ba tare da la’akari da ainihin buƙatar sanyaya ba. Injiniyoyi suka shigar da tsarin masu kula masu haɗa juna (networked controller system) tare da maki sa ido na zafi 24 da kuma variable frequency drives a kan duk compressors. Sabon tsarin ya daidaita fitar sanyaya daidai da aikin fermentation, ya rage cin makamashin sanyaya da kashi 34% tare da inganta daidaiton zafin jiki. Aikin ya samar da ajiyar shekara-shekara na dala $187,000 tare da lokacin dawowa da jarin da ya kai watanni 16.
Masana’antar Kera Karafa a Yankin Great Lakes
Wani wuri da ke da tashoshin walda 87 da manyan magoya bayan fitar da iska 12 yana aiki da dukkan kayan fitar da iska a kai a kai ba tare da la’akari da ko ana yin walda ko a’a. Wannan dabi’a tana cin makamashi sosai ba tare da wani amfani a lokutan da ba a yin walda ba. Sabon tsarin kula da aka sabunta ya ƙara na’urorin gano mutane (occupancy sensors) da na’urorin sa ido kan ƙarfin walda waɗanda ke kunna magoya bayan fitar da iska ne kawai idan tashoshin suna aiki. Tsarin ya kuma rage saurin magoya bayan a lokacin da ɗan ɓangare ne kawai ke aiki maimakon tafiya a cikakken ƙarfi. Ajiyar wutar lantarki na shekara ya kai 410,000 kWh, abin da ya wakilci ragin kashi 47% ga tsarin iskar fita.
Aikin Nadawa Magunguna a Ireland
Layukan nadawa a ɗakunan tsafta (cleanroom) suna buƙatar daidaiton muhallin aiki ƙwarai tare da manyan buƙatun makamashin HVAC. Asalin tsarin kula da gine-gine yana tafiyar da air handlers ne bisa jadawali na dindindin ba tare da la’akari da ainihin aikin samarwa ba. Sabon dandamalin sarrafa kansa ya haɗa bayanan jadawalin samarwa da ayyukan HVAC, ya rage kwarara iska a lokutan da ba a samarwa yayin da yake kiyaye bambancin matsin da ake buƙata. Tsarin ya kuma haɗa enthalpy economizer logic domin ya fi amfani da sanyin waje kyauta idan yanayin waje ya yi kyau. Tarin waɗannan matakai ya rage cin makamashin HVAC da kashi 31%, yana adana €156,000 a shekara.
Hanyar Tsari Don Sabunta Tsarin Kula da Na’urori
Ƙungiyoyin da ke neman automation upgrades da suka mayar da hankali kan makamashi na cin gajiyar bin wata hanyar tsari wadda ke tabbatar da nasarar sakamako.
Farkon Bincike da Auna Matsayi (Benchmarking)
A fara da shigar da na’urorin wucin-gadi na auna wuta a kan tsarin da ake son dubawa. A tara bayanai na aƙalla makonni biyu domin kama dukkan dawafi na aiki. A rubuta tsarin kulawa da ake amfani da shi a yanzu kuma a gano damar ingantawa. Wani kamfanin kera sinadarai na musamman ya gano ta wannan hanya cewa muhimmin reactor dinsa na aiki ne a cikakkiyar ƙarfinsa na sanyaya a ko da yaushe, har ma a lokutan da ba a samarwa. Sauƙaƙan gyaran logic ya rage cin makamashin sanyaya da kashi 61% ba tare da kashe kuɗin sabon kaya ba.
Zaben Kayan Aiki da Tsarin Gini (Architecture Design)
A zaɓi masu kula da na’urori da ke da isasshen ƙarfin sarrafawa don rikitar logics da ake shirin amfani da su. A yi la’akari da tsarukan rarrabawa (distributed architectures) ga wuraren da kayan aiki suka watse a wurare daban-daban. A tabbatar da cewa sadarwa ta dace da na’urorin auna sigina da masu aikatawa (sensors da actuators) da ake da su. Ga sababbin gine-gine (greenfield installations), a fayyace masu kula da ke da ikon auna makamashi a ciki tun farko don sauƙaƙa ƙoƙarin ingantawa a nan gaba.
Haɓaka Logics da Tabbatar da Su
A haɓaka dabarun kulawa da ke fifita ingancin amfani da makamashi yayin da ake kiyaye sassaucin samarwa. A aiwatar da damar shiga da hannu (manual override) don ayyukan kiyayewa da yanayin gaggawa. A ƙirƙiri muhallin gwaji (simulation environments) don gwada halayen logics a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na aiki kafin a kai su filin aiki. A rubuta dukkan jerin tsarin kulawa dalla-dalla don sauƙaƙa warware matsala da gyare-gyare a gaba.
Shigarwa a Fili da Matakin Sauyawa
A shigar da sabbin pannalan kula da na’urorin filin bisa mafi kyawun ka’idojin masana’antu na wayoyi, ƙasa (grounding), da kariyar tsangwama (shielding). A aiwatar da damar aiki a layi ɗaya (parallel operation) da ke ba masu aiki damar sauyawa tsakanin tsohon tsarin kula da sabon tsarin a lokacin sauyi. A gudanar da cikakken gwajin dukkan shigarwa, fitarwa, da hanyoyin sadarwa kafin a saka tsarin a aiki.
Tabbatar da Ayyuka da Ci gaba da Ingantawa
A kwatanta amfani da makamashi bayan shigarwa da matakan da aka kafa a farko. A rubuta ajiyar da aka samu kuma a tabbatar cewa logics ɗin kulawa na aiki kamar yadda aka tsara. A kafa tsarin sa ido na ci gaba domin gano karkacewa ko lalacewa. A tsara bitar lokaci zuwa lokaci don gano ƙarin damar ingantawa yayin da jadawalin samarwa ke sauyawa.
Hanyoyin Gaba ga Masana’antar Sarrafa Kanshi a Gudanar da Makamashi
Haɗuwar fasahar sarrafa kanshi da artificial intelligence da nazarin bayanai na cloud na buɗe sabbin ɗamarori ga inganta amfani da makamashi. Yanzu masu kula da na’urori suna ƙaruwa da zama na’urorin gefen cibiyar (edge devices) masu iya gudanar da samfurori na machine learning waɗanda ke hasashen tsarin buƙatar makamashi kuma suna daidaita aiki ta atomatik. Waɗannan tsarin suna koyo daga bayanan tarihi, hasashen yanayi, da jadawalin samarwa don inganta amfani da makamashi a kai a kai.
Ikon yin hulɗa kai tsaye da grid na wutar lantarki (grid-interactive capabilities) shi ma wata sabuwar gaba ce. Ingantattun masu kula da na’urori na iya amsawa saƙonnin kamfanin wuta, suna rage amfani da makamashi ta atomatik a lokutan kololuwar buƙata don samun rangwamen kuɗi. Wuraren masana’antu da ke shiga shirye-shiryen demand response ba wai suna rage kuɗin wuta kaɗai ba ne, suna kuma ba da gudummawa ga daidaiton grid. Yayin da yawan makamashin sabuntawa ke ƙaruwa, irin waɗannan ƙwarewar za su ƙara samun muhimmanci.
Tsarin Aiki na Gaskiya don Ayyukan Sarrafa Kanshi da ke Mayar da Hankali kan Makamashi
Masana’antu da ke son aiwatar da sabunta tsarin kula da na’urori na iya bin wannan tsari da aka gwada don ƙara yiwuwar nasara.
- Haɓaka Dabarar (Strategy Development): A daidaita burin rage amfani da makamashi da manufofin kasuwanci kuma a kafa a sarari ma’aunin nasara kafin a fara aikin.
- Zaben Fasaha (Technology Selection): A tantance masu kula da na’urori bisa ƙwarewar gudanar da makamashi, ba wai aikin kula da na’ura na asali kaɗai ba. A yi la’akari da buƙatun faɗaɗa nan gaba yayin zaɓen dandamali.
- Aiwatar da Shiri (Implementation Execution): A gabatar da ayyuka ta amfani da hanyoyin tsari masu matakai bayyanannu da rarraba alhakin aiki.
- Auna Sakamako (Results Measurement): A rika bibiyar amfani da makamashi a kai a kai kuma a tabbatar da ajiyar da aka samu ta amfani da ƙa’idojin auna da tantancewa da aka kafa.
- Canja Sanin Hanya (Knowledge Transfer): A horar da ma’aikatan aiki da kiyayewa kan sabbin ƙwarewar kulawa don tabbatar da dorewar fa’ida a tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki.
