Baragurbin Haɗari na DCS mai Rarrabewa a Sabbin Tasoshin Wutar Lantarki
Yawancin na’urorin zafin gida suna dogara da madauwari sarrafa DCS masu zaman kansu. Bayanai daga filin sun nuna cewa 68% na gazawar grid suna fitowa ne daga rashin daidaiton martanin ɗaukar nauyin na’urori. DCS na na’ura ɗaya baya la’akari da haɗin kai tsakanin tukunyar tururi da injin tururi. Saboda haka, ƙwayoyin da ke aiki dabam-dabam suna haifar da jinkirin martanin ɗaukar nauyi na matsakaicin sakan 2.3. Yawan gazawar daidaita mitar farko yana tayar da hankalin grid na yanki. Rashin dacewar sigogin PID kuma yana ƙara sa wa na’urorin taimako lalacewa da wuri. Yawancin injiniyoyin kaddamarwa har yanzu suna yin gyara da gwajin DCS ne ga kowace na’ura dabam kaɗai.
Manyan Tauri Uku da ke Tauye Haɗin Kai Tsakanin Na’urori
Mun taƙaita manyan matsaloli uku daga ayyukan DCS 32 a filin. Na farko, bambancin yarjejeniyoyi (protocols) yana hana daidaita bayanai kai tsaye tsakanin na’urori. Na biyu, sigogin PID na dindindin ba sa iya daidaitawa da sauyin ɗaukar nauyin grid. Na uku, rashin haɗin tsarin faɗakarwa guda ɗaya yana haifar da gazawar da ke bazuwa. Misali, tsohon ABB Symphony DCS baya da asalin ikon tsara jadawalin na’urori da dama a lokaci guda. DCS na cikin gida Huawei Smart DCS kuma yana nuna raunin jituwa da tsoffin kwandunan PLC.
Tsarin DCS Mai Matakai Don Sarrafa Haɗin Kai
Mun ƙirƙiri tsarin matakai uku wanda ya bambanta da tsofaffin samfura. Matakin sama yana ƙara uwar garken musamman don tsara rarraba grid. Yana karɓar umarnin ɗaukar nauyi a lokacin-gaskiya kai tsaye daga cibiyoyin grid na jihohi. Matakin tsakiya yana haɗa na’urorin filin ta hanyar hanyar daidaitacciyar OPC UA. Yana haɗa DCS, PLC na tukunyar tururi, da na’urorin sa ido na girgizar TSI. Matakin ƙasa yana amfani da dabarun PID mai daidaitawa da kansa maimakon sigogin da aka kafa na dindindin. Saboda haka, jinkirin watsawar bayanai tsakanin na’urori ya ragu zuwa ƙasa da sakan 0.4.
Sake Tsara Matakan Kaddamar da DCS da Tsare-Tsaren Ma’auni
Mun bar tsofaffin hanyoyin gwajin sassa dabam-dabam. Mataki na 1: daidaita wuraren I/O da kuskuren matsakaici na ±0.5% na cikakken sikeli. Mataki na 2: gwajin madauwari rufaffe guda ɗaya ga manyan na’urorin zafi. Mataki na 3: gwajin haɗin gwiwar na’urori da yawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin ɗaukar nauyi iri huɗu na yau da kullum. Mataki na 4: gwajin juriya na haɗin kai na awanni 96 a filin. Dukkan matakan suna bin ƙa’idar tsaron aiki IEC 61508 SIL2.
Bayanan Gwaji na Kwatantawa Kafin da Bayan Ingantawa
Mun gwada daidai irin yanayin aiki domin tabbatar da ainihin ribar da aka samu. Jinkirin martanin ɗaukar nauyi ya ragu daga 2.3s zuwa 0.38s (raguwar 83.5%). Kashi na cin nasarar daidaita mitar farko ya tashi daga 81.2% zuwa 99.6% (ƙaruwa 18.4%). Yawan faɗakarwar tsarin a rana ya sauka daga sau 47 zuwa sau 6 (raguwar 87.2%). Amintaccen daidaitawar haɗin kai yana ba da ci gaba mai ɗorewa.
Misali na Fage 1: Sabunta Tashar Wutar Kwal 2×330MW
Tsohon Siemens DCS ya nuna babbar karkacewa ta ɗaukar nauyi tsakanin na’urori. Mafi yawan karkacewar ta kai 18MW a lokacin lokacin da ake daidaita grid da sauri. Mun sake rubuta dabarun rarraba ɗaukar nauyi na haɗin kai a cikin DCS. Bayan cikakken kaddamarwa, karkacewar ɗaukar nauyi ta tsaya a cikin 3MW. Girgizar na’urorin taimako ta ragu da 41% a cikin watanni shida. Lokacin tsaida aiki ba a shirye ba na shekara-shekara ya ragu daga awanni 87 zuwa awanni 22.
Misali na Fage 2: Sabuwar Tasha 4×1000MW Ultra-Supercritical
Na’urori huɗu suna buƙatar sarrafa aikin haɗin kai na grid cikin daidaito. Asalin ƙira bai ƙunshi tsarin tsara jadawalin na’urori da dama ba. Mun ƙara tsari guda na tsakiya don tsara jadawali a duk hanyar sadarwar DCS. Dukkan na’urori huɗu sun cimma daidaitaccen gyaran ɗaukar nauyi a cikin ƙasa da sakan 0.5. Tashar ta wuce gwajin juriya na haɗin kai na awanni 96 ba tare da wata faɗakarwa ba. Yawan sa hannun ma’aikaci ya ragu da 73% a lokacin lokacin rage kololuwar amfani.
Ra’ayoyin Masana da Makomar Keɓancewar Tasoshin Wuta
Bisa ga shekaru 15 na ƙwarewa a DCS da kariyar wutar lantarki, yawancin ƙungiyoyi har yanzu suna mai da hankali ne kan gwajin na’ura ɗaya kawai ba tare da la’akari da haɗin kai ba. Masu sarrafa grid za su kafa ƙa’idojin haɗin kai mafi tsauri zuwa shekarar 2026. DCS mai sigogi na dindindin zai fara ɓacewa a hankali. Tasoshin gaba za su haɗa DCS, PLC, da lissafin gefen cibiyar sadarwa (edge computing). Injiniyoyi dole ne su ƙware kan haɗin kai tsakanin tsarin daban-daban maimakon daidaita madauwari guda ɗaya kawai. Tsararru na daidaitattun samfuran DCS na haɗin kai na iya rage lokacin gwaji a filin da 30%.
Shawarwari Masu Amfani Ga Masu Fasaha a Fage
Ajiye haɗin bayanai guda ɗaya tun a farkon saitin DCS. Guji rubuta dabarun sarrafa kowace na’ura dabam kaɗai. Yi gwajin haɗin kai bayan kammala duk gwaje-gwajen madauwari na kowace na’ura. Sabunta dabarun DCS a kai a kai domin su dace da sabbin ƙa’idojin tsara rarraba grid. Wannan mafita ta dace da tasoshin wutar kwal, gas, da wutar haɗaɗɗiyar zagayowa (combined-cycle).
Rubutacce daga Song Mingyuan, injiniyan na’urar sarrafa kansa da ya ƙware a PLC, DCS da manyan samfuran sarrafa masana’antu na ƙasashen waje ga aikace-aikacen sinadarai.
