Boyayyun Matsalolin Aikin Atomatik da ke Ƙara Kuɗin Aiki na Wutar Lantarki (Power OPEX)
Mafi yawan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki har yanzu suna aiki ne da tsofaffin tsarin sarrafa na’ura (discrete control systems). Waɗannan tsarin suna tattara bayanai ba daidaito ba. Suna da jinkiri wajen daidaita sigogi. Sakamakon haka, cin gajiyar makamashi na na’urorin taimako (auxiliary energy consumption) yana ƙaruwa da kashi 15–20% a duk shekara. Tsayuwar aiki ba zato ba tsammani da gyare-gyaren hannu suna ƙara kuɗin dogon lokaci. PLC na gargajiya ba su da ƙayyadaddun algorithms na wutar lantarki. Ba za su iya sarrafa sauye-sauyen kaya (load changes) masu yawan gaske ko haɗa sabbin makamashi (renewables) yadda ya kamata ba.
Dalilin da ya sa ABB DCS Ya fi Gaba da Automation na Masana’antu na Gaba ɗaya
Ƙirar ABB power-grade DCS tana ɗauke da takamaiman tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki da aka gina a ciki. Manyan samfuran sun haɗa da ABB Ability System 800xA da Symphony Plus. Duka sun wuce takardar shaidar tsaron aiki ta IEC 61508. Tsarin mai sarrafawa mai maimaituwa (redundant controller architecture) yana ba da samuwar tsarin aiki har kashi 99.999%. Lokacin amsawa na millisecond yana tallafa wa daidaitaccen sarrafa na’ura ɗaya (unit regulation) da ƙwarai. Shigar APC modules da aka gina a ciki suna daidaita sigogin ƙonewa, samarwa, da haɗin grid ta atomatik a ainihin lokaci.
Auna Adadin Ajiya da Ƙaruwa a Inganci
ABB DCS yana haɗa samarwa, sa ido, da sarrafa makamashi a kan dandalin guda. Wannan yana kawar da tsarin ɓangare na uku kuma yana rage kuɗin siyan kayan aikin hardware da 18%. Intelligent closed-loop control yana rage ayyukan hannu sama da 40%. Bayanai daga filin suna tabbatar da cewa ingancin amfani da makamashi a tashar gaba ɗaya ya ƙaru da 10–14% bayan aiwatarwa. Module na predictive maintenance yana nazarin bayanan kayan aiki kuma yana hasashen matsaloli. Yana rage tsayuwar kayan aiki ba zato ba tsammani har zuwa 22%.
Ajiyar Bayanai na Gaskiya daga Tashoshin Samar da Wuta da ke Aiki
Tashar Wutar Ruwa ta Austria Kühtai 2: ABB System 800xA ne ke sarrafa famfo na adana ruwa (pump storage) da sauya yanayin samarwa. Yana daidaita girgizar mita (frequency fluctuation) a cikin ±0.05Hz. Jimillar wutar lantarkin da ake samarwa a hankali a kowace shekara ta kai miliyan 220 kWh.
Tashar Gas Turbine ta Singapore: An ɗaukaka ta da mafita ABB Egatrol X. An yi hijirar tsarin ba tare da wani lokacin tsayawar aiki ba. Cin gajiyar zafin da kowace na’ura ke yi ya ragu da 11.6%. Dorewar kayan aiki ta tashi zuwa 99.8% a duk shekara.
Tashar Cogeneration ta Chile CMPC: ABB System 800xA ta inganta daidaita zafi da wutar lantarki (heating and power matching). An rage cin gajiyar makamashin zafi da 13.2%. Ingancin aikin ma’aikatan masu aiki ya ƙaru da 25%.
Goiyon Bayan Zagaye Cikakke da Saurin Aiwatarwa
ABB tana ba da DCS da aka daidaita musamman ga tashoshin wutar zafi (thermal), wutar ruwa (hydropower), iska da hasken rana (wind-solar), da tsarin rarraba wuta (distribution grids). Ƙungiyoyin fasaha na duniya suna ba da sabis na gida na tsayawa ɗaya daga zane har zuwa sabunta sigar tsarin. Kamfanoni na ketare suna kammala ɗaukaka DCS a cikin makonni 2–4. Ingancin aiwatarwa ya fi na gyaran tsoffin tsarin automation na masana’antu da 30%.
Ra’ayin Masani game da Sauyin Makamashi
Daga shekaru 15 na gogewa a automation na masana’antu, haɗa sabbin makamashi (renewable integration) har yanzu shi ne babban ƙalubale na sarrafawa. Iska da hasken rana suna da matuƙar sauyawa. Tsofaffin tsare-tsare ba za su iya daidaita zaman lafiyar grid da ingancin samarwa lokaci guda ba. ABB DCS yana tallafa wa daidaita tushe-grid-load-storage da sauyawa ba tare da katsewa ba tsakanin yanayin makamashi daban-daban. Buɗaɗɗen tsarin sa (open architecture) yana tanadar da hanyoyin ƙara faɗaɗa a gaba don ajiya da haɓakar smart grid, yana guje wa maimaita saka jari.
Yanayin Amfani da ABB Power DCS
1. Gyaran adana makamashi na na’urorin wutar zafi (thermal power unit energy-saving retrofits)
2. Automation na tashar wutar ruwa mai amfani da adana ruwa (pumped-storage hydropower station)
3. Haɗin gonakin iska da hasken rana zuwa grid da rage tashin hankali (volatility suppression)
4. Tsara lodin hanyar rarraba wutar birane (urban distribution network load scheduling)
5. Ɗaukaka tsoffin tsare-tsaren ketare da commissioning
6. Predictive maintenance da cikakken kulawa da kuɗin zagayen rayuwar kayan aiki
Rubutawa daga Song Mingyuan, injiniyan automation mai ƙwarewa a PLC, DCS da manyan samfuran sarrafa masana’antu na duniya don aikace-aikacen petrochemical.
